disosiasi

Disosiasi, or dissociation, is a term used in chemistry and psychology to describe different processes of separation or disruption in systems.

In chemistry, disosiasi refers to the process by which a compound dissociates into smaller units, typically ions, when dissolved in a solvent. For electrolytes in water, strong electrolytes dissociate completely (for example NaCl → Na+ + Cl−), while weak electrolytes dissociate only partially. The degree of dissociation, the dissolution equilibrium, and the acid and base dissociation constants (Ka, Kb) quantify the extent of dissociation. Temperature, solvent polarity, ionic strength, and concentration influence dissociation. Dissociation is also important in buffering systems, solid solubility, and electrochemical contexts.

In psychology and psychiatry, dissociation is a mental process involving a disconnection between thoughts, memory, identity, or perception. It can be a normal coping mechanism during stress, but persistent dissociation is central to dissociative disorders. These include dissociative amnesia (gaps in memory for personal information), depersonalization/derealization disorder (feelings of unreality), and dissociative identity disorder (presence of two or more distinct identities). Symptoms may include memory lapses, detachment, identity confusion or fragmentation, and impairment in functioning. Diagnoses follow standardized criteria (DSM-5-TR, ICD-11) and consider trauma exposure and other conditions. Treatment typically involves psychotherapy (trauma-focused approaches, grounding techniques, skill-building) and may include pharmacotherapy for comorbid symptoms such as anxiety or depression. Prognosis varies with trauma history, treatment access, and social support.