diidrossiacetone

Dihydroxyacetone, also known as dihydroxyacetone (DHA), is a simple three-carbon ketone with two hydroxyl groups. Its chemical formula is C3H6O3, and its IUPAC name is 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-one. DHA is the simplest ketose and serves as a foundational structure in sugar chemistry.

In its pure form, DHA is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid that is highly soluble in water. In solution it exists in equilibrium between an open-chain keto form and cyclic forms derived from intramolecular hemiacetalization; it can tautomerize to enediol forms under certain conditions. DHA is closely related to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), an intermediate of glycolysis and glycerol metabolism. In biology, the phosphate form DHAP is common, while DHA is encountered mainly as a metabolite or synthetic derivative.

Industrially, DHA can be produced by the oxidation of glycerol, typically derived from biodiesel, or by fermentation-based routes. It is used as a chemical building block in organic synthesis and as an intermediate in the production of various derivatives and polymers. Its most widely known application is in cosmetics, where DHA is a popular self-tanning agent. When applied to the skin, it reacts non-enzymatically with amino acids in the stratum corneum to produce a brown coloration that simulates a tan.

Safety and handling: DHA is generally regarded as safe for topical cosmetic use within approved concentrations, but it can cause skin and eye irritation on direct contact and should be handled with appropriate precautions. Inhalation or ingestion can be harmful. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from oxidants.