dihadapi

Dihadapi is an Indonesian verb in the passive voice formed by prefix di- attached to the root hadapi, meaning to face or confront. It conveys the sense of something being experienced as a challenge or situation that must be dealt with. The agent responsible for facing the situation is usually introduced with oleh or can be omitted when the context makes it implicit.

In usage, dihadapi is common in formal and written Indonesian, including journalism, policy discussions, and academic writing. It typically accompanies nouns that denote challenges, problems, or circumstances, such as masalah, tantangan, risiko, or perubahan. The focus of the sentence is on the experience of facing, rather than on who is doing the facing. The agent may appear in a prepositional phrase, for example oleh pemerintah, oleh perusahaan, or be left unnamed.

Examples:

- Negara dihadapi dengan berbagai tantangan ekonomi. (The country is faced with various economic challenges.)

- Dampak perubahan iklim dihadapi oleh komunitas global. (The impacts of climate change are faced by the global community.)

- Perusahaan dihadapi risiko regulasi baru. (Companies are faced with new regulatory risks.)

Dihadapi contrasts with menghadapi, the active form meaning “to face” or “to deal with,” where the subject performs the facing. Dihadapi provides a way to describe experiences of facing situations in a neutral, impersonal manner.