différends

A différend is a term used in international law and diplomacy to describe a disagreement or dispute between states or other international actors. It generally refers to a conflict of interest or legal interpretation that has not yet escalated to the level of an armed conflict, though it can be a precursor to one. The resolution of différends often involves diplomatic negotiation, mediation, or recourse to international legal bodies such as the International Court of Justice.

The nature of a différend can vary widely, encompassing territorial claims, economic disputes, issues of nationality, or violations of international treaties. The term itself originates from French and is commonly used in legal and diplomatic contexts. Distinguishing a différend from a more serious conflict is important as it informs the appropriate methods for its resolution. While diplomatic efforts are the primary means of addressing différends, their persistence can strain international relations and require more formal dispute settlement mechanisms. The peaceful settlement of différends is a fundamental principle of international law, aimed at maintaining global stability and cooperation.