differentialsignalering

Differential signaling is a communication method used in electronics and digital systems to transmit data between devices. Unlike single-ended signaling, which uses a single wire to carry the signal and a common ground reference, differential signaling uses two wires to transmit the signal. These two wires carry identical signals that are 180 degrees out of phase with each other. This means that when one wire carries a positive voltage, the other carries a negative voltage, and vice versa.

The primary advantage of differential signaling is its improved noise immunity. Since the signal is transmitted as the difference between the two wires, any common-mode noise that affects both wires equally is rejected. This makes differential signaling well-suited for environments with high levels of electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI). Additionally, differential signaling can support longer cable lengths and higher data rates compared to single-ended signaling.

Differential signaling is commonly used in various applications, including high-speed serial data links, such as USB 3.0, PCI Express, and SATA. It is also employed in audio and video transmission systems, such as HDMI and DisplayPort, to ensure high-quality signal integrity. In telecommunications, differential signaling is used in fiber optic communications to transmit data over long distances with minimal signal degradation.

The most common types of differential signaling include Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) and Current-Mode Logic (CML). LVDS uses low-voltage swings to reduce power consumption and improve noise immunity, while CML uses constant current sources to maintain signal integrity over long distances. Both types of differential signaling are widely used in modern electronic systems due to their robustness and reliability.