differensprincipen

The differensprincipen, or difference principle, is a foundational concept in John Rawls's theory of justice as fairness. It addresses the distribution of social and economic inequalities. According to the principle, such inequalities are permissible only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society. This means that any deviations from strict equality in the distribution of wealth, income, or opportunities must be structured in a way that improves the life prospects of those at the bottom of the social hierarchy.

Rawls posits this principle as one of two principles of justice that would be chosen by rational individuals in an original position, behind a veil of ignorance. This hypothetical scenario ensures impartiality by preventing individuals from knowing their own social status, natural talents, or conception of the good. In this state of ignorance, individuals would aim to establish a society where even the worst-off position is as good as it can be, as they might find themselves in that very position.

The difference principle does not advocate for absolute equality of outcome. Instead, it focuses on the fairness of social structures and the impact of inequalities on those who are most disadvantaged. It is a departure from purely utilitarian approaches that might justify inequalities if they lead to the greatest good for the greatest number, regardless of how those benefits are distributed. The difference principle prioritizes the well-being of the least privileged, ensuring that any systemic advantages held by others serve a purpose that ultimately uplifts the entire social structure.