dietyylisulfaatti

Diethylsulfaatti, known in English chemistry literature as diethyl sulfate (C4H10O3S), is an organosulfur compound in which two ethyl groups are bonded to a sulfur atom that is also double‑bonded to two oxygen atoms. It appears as a clear, highly volatile liquid with a strong, garlic‑like odor. The molecular formula is C4H10O3S, and it has a molecular weight of 134.18 g/mol. The compound is soluble in many organic solvents such as acetone, chloroform, and hexane, but only slightly soluble in water.

Diethylsulfaatti is a potent alkylating agent. Its synthesis typically involves the reaction of sodium sulfate with diethyl bromide in the presence of a base, or by the oxidation of diethyl sulfide. The reaction produces diethyl sulfate and hydrogen bromide as a by‑product. Alternatively, it can be produced by the reaction of thionyl chloride with ethanol followed by alkylation. Industrial production relies on processes that minimize the formation of toxic by‑products such as sulfur trioxide.

The compound finds uses as a methylating and ethylating reagent in organic synthesis. It is employed for the alkylation of phenols, alcohols and heterocycles, as well as for the synthesis of esters and ethers. In the laboratory, it is valued for its ability to transfer ethyl groups under mild conditions. Diethylsulfaatti is also occasionally used as a pesticide, although its hazardous nature limits this application. Due to its high reactivity, exposure can cause severe chemical burns and systemic toxicity. Inhalation or ingestion can lead to liver and kidney damage. Precautions such as glove use, eye protection, and proper ventilation are essential when handling the substance.

Environmental concerns arise from its potential to contaminate soil and water, where it may undergo hydrolysis to form ethanol and sulfuric acid. Strict regulations govern its transport and disposal, and it is listed as a hazardous substance in many countries. The compound's volatility and toxicity warrant careful risk assessment and strict adherence to occupational safety guidelines.