dietaryrestriction

Dietary restriction refers to the intentional modification of dietary intake to limit energy, nutrients, or specific foods. It encompasses a range of practices, including caloric restriction, macronutrient restriction, elimination diets, and medically prescribed regimens. It differs from incidental dietary changes caused by taste, availability, or cultural factors.

Caloric restriction aims to reduce total energy intake while maintaining essential nutrients. Macronutrient restriction targets the proportion of energy from fats, carbohydrates, or proteins. Elimination diets remove particular foods or groups (for example, gluten-free or dairy-free diets) due to allergies, intolerances, or medical conditions. Dietary restrictions also arise from religious, cultural, or ethical choices, such as kosher, halal, vegan, or other abstentions.

Applications include weight management and metabolic health. In research, caloric restriction has been studied for aging and chronic disease in animals; results show potential benefits, but evidence in humans is inconclusive. Reported advantages include improved glucose control and lipid profiles in some people, while risks include nutrient deficiencies, loss of lean mass, bone density loss, and fatigue if not carefully planned.

Implementation and safety: Planning and professional guidance are advised to maintain nutrient adequacy. Individuals with pregnancy, feeding disorders, elderly age, or certain medical conditions should exercise caution. Dietary restrictions can affect social eating and cultural practices, and may require education, food labeling, or supplementation.