dialectales

Dialectales is a term used in linguistics to refer to the dialectal elements that distinguish regional or social varieties of a language from its standard form. These elements can appear in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, meaning, and discourse practices, and they are characteristic of particular speech communities rather than all speakers of the language. The term is encountered in various languages to label features that belong to dialects, sometimes functioning as a noun (dialectales) or an adjective (dialectal).

Dialectales cover multiple linguistic domains. Phonological dialectales include regionally distinctive sounds or pronunciation patterns; lexical dialectales consist of unique words and expressions; syntactic dialectales involve nonstandard sentence structures or morpheme usage; semantic dialectales reflect region-specific meanings; discourse-related dialectales pertain to conversational styles and pragmatic practices. Examples include Scottish English lexical items such as bairn, regional vowel shifts, or the use of nonstandard contractions in certain communities. In other languages, dialectales may appear as pronoun systems (for example, regional second-person forms) or verb forms that differ from the standard variety.

The study of dialectales sits within dialectology and sociolinguistics and relies on fieldwork, interviews, corpus analysis, and acoustic or statistical methods to document where they occur, how prevalent they are, and how they vary by factors such as region, age, gender, or social class. Dialectales coexist with the standard language and contribute to linguistic identity and variation. They can illuminate language change processes, inform education and outreach, and raise questions about prestige and normalization. Related topics include dialects, dialectology, sociolinguistics, and language variation and change.