diéderális

diéderális is a term primarily used in chemistry to describe the dihedral angle of a molecule. The dihedral angle, also known as the torsion angle, quantifies the relative orientation of two planes defined by four bonded atoms. Specifically, it is the angle between the plane containing the first three atoms and the plane containing the last three atoms in a sequence of four consecutively bonded atoms.

In molecular conformation, diéderális angles are crucial for understanding the three-dimensional structure of molecules. Different dihedral angles lead to different conformers, which can have distinct physical and chemical properties. For instance, in organic chemistry, the rotation around single bonds is often described by their associated dihedral angles. Common conformations like staggered and eclipsed forms are defined by specific dihedral angles (typically 60° and 0° or 180°, respectively).

The value of a dihedral angle can range from 0° to 180° (or -180° to 180°). For example, in ethane, the staggered conformation, which is more stable, has a dihedral angle of 60° between the C-H bonds on adjacent carbons. The eclipsed conformation, less stable, has a dihedral angle of 0°. Understanding and calculating these angles is vital for predicting molecular behavior, such as reactivity, spectroscopic properties, and interactions with other molecules. Computational chemistry methods are frequently employed to determine these angles.