dextranból

Dextranból is a synthetic polysaccharide derived from bacterial fermentation, primarily produced by certain strains of *Leuconostoc mesenteroides*. It is a complex branched glucose polymer composed of repeating units of glucose linked primarily by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds, with α-1,2, α-1,3, and α-1,4 linkages contributing to its branched structure. The molecule's size and branching vary depending on the production process, influencing its properties and applications.

Originally developed in the mid-20th century, dextranból gained prominence as a plasma volume expander in medical settings. Its high molecular weight and colloidal nature allow it to remain within the vascular system longer than crystalloids like saline, making it useful for treating hypovolemia, shock, or during surgical procedures requiring fluid resuscitation. However, its use has declined in recent decades due to the availability of more refined alternatives, such as synthetic colloids like hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or natural proteins like albumin.

Beyond its medical applications, dextranból is utilized in various industrial and research contexts. It serves as a thickening agent in food products, a stabilizer in pharmaceutical formulations, and a carrier molecule in drug delivery systems. Its biocompatibility and non-toxicity make it suitable for applications requiring controlled release or sustained circulation of therapeutic agents. Additionally, dextranból is employed in laboratory settings as a molecular weight marker in gel electrophoresis and as a medium for cell culture due to its inert nature.

The production of dextranból involves bacterial fermentation followed by purification and fractionation to achieve the desired molecular weight. Quality control measures ensure consistency in its physicochemical properties, which are critical for its intended use. While generally safe, dextranból may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, necessitating caution in clinical applications. Ongoing research continues to explore its potential in emerging fields such as tissue engineering and nanomedicine.