dependencia

Dependencia is a Spanish noun that denotes the state of being dependent on or under the control of something or someone. The term derives from the Latin dependentia and is used in general language and in specialized domains to describe relationships of subordination, reliance, or administrative affinity.

In psychology and medicine, dependencia refers to dependence, in particular physical dependence on a drug, where the body adapts and withdrawal symptoms occur if use stops; psychological dependence involves craving or compulsion; terminology distinguishes dependence from addiction and notes concepts such as tolerance and withdrawal.

In economics and international relations, dependencia describes a condition of reliance on external suppliers, aid, or markets. Dependency theory analyzes how peripheral economies are constrained by their economic relationships with dominant centers.

In public administration and governance, dependencia refers to an administrative unit or office within a larger organization or government, or to a subordinate territory or locality that depends on a central authority.

In corporate or organizational contexts, a dependencia can denote a branch office or affiliate that reports to a parent organization.