deoksynivalenolia

Deoxynivalenol, often abbreviated as DON, is a mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi, most notably Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum. These fungi commonly infect cereal crops such as wheat, barley, corn, and oats. DON belongs to the trichothecene family of mycotoxins, which are characterized by a specific chemical structure. Its presence in contaminated grains is a significant concern for food safety and animal health.

The production of DON is influenced by environmental factors, including temperature and humidity, during crop development and storage. Once produced, DON can remain in the harvested grain and consequently enter the food chain. Consumption of DON-contaminated food or feed can lead to various adverse health effects in both humans and animals. In humans, symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, refusal to eat and immune system disturbances.

In livestock, DON exposure can result in reduced feed intake, poor growth rates, vomiting, and impaired immune function, leading to increased susceptibility to diseases. Regulatory limits for DON are established in many countries to minimize exposure risks. Various methods, including analytical techniques like chromatography, are employed to detect and quantify DON in food and feed samples. Strategies to reduce DON contamination focus on agricultural practices that minimize fungal infection and proper storage conditions to prevent fungal growth.