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The Denisovans were an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia. They are known from limited fossil evidence, primarily from a finger bone found in Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains of Siberia. Genetic analysis of this bone revealed that Denisovans were a distinct group from Neanderthals and modern humans, though they shared a common ancestor with both.

The Denisovan genome, sequenced from this finger bone and a tooth found in Tibet, indicates they were a widespread population. Evidence suggests they inhabited Siberia, Central Asia, and possibly East Asia. Their existence overlapped with both Neanderthals and early modern humans.

Interbreeding between Denisovans and other hominin groups is confirmed through genetic studies. Modern human populations in Melanesia and East Asia carry Denisovan DNA, suggesting past interactions and gene flow. The exact physical appearance of Denisovans is not well understood due to the scarcity of fossil remains, but genetic data suggests they had distinctive traits. The precise relationship and timeline of Denisovans relative to Neanderthals and Homo sapiens are still areas of active research.