delta6desaturaasi

Delta-6-desaturase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism. It belongs to the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes and is primarily found in the liver and other tissues. Its main function is to introduce a double bond into fatty acids at the delta-6 position, which is the sixth carbon atom from the carboxyl end. This process is a key step in the desaturation and elongation of saturated fatty acids, transforming them into polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Specifically, delta-6-desaturase is involved in the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) into longer-chain PUFAs. For omega-3 fatty acids, it converts alpha-linolenic acid into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and for omega-6 fatty acids, it converts linoleic acid into gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). These longer-chain PUFAs are essential components of cell membranes and are precursors to various signaling molecules, including eicosanoids, which regulate inflammation, blood clotting, and other physiological processes.

Genetic variations in the gene encoding delta-6-desaturase (FADS2) have been associated with differences in PUFA levels in humans and may influence susceptibility to certain diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and inflammatory conditions. The activity of delta-6-desaturase can be influenced by dietary factors, including the intake of saturated fats, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and certain micronutrients like zinc and vitamin B6.