déformations

Déformations is a term used in several scientific and technical fields to describe the alteration of the shape or size of an object. In physics and engineering, déformations refer to the changes in geometry of a material under the influence of applied forces or stresses. These can be elastic, meaning the object returns to its original shape after the force is removed, or plastic, where the deformation is permanent. Common examples include stretching a rubber band (elastic) or bending a metal spoon (plastic).

In geology, déformations describe the changes in the Earth's crust. These processes, often occurring over vast timescales, are responsible for the formation of mountains, valleys, and other geological features. Tectonic forces, such as plate movements, cause rocks to bend, fold, or break, resulting in these large-scale déformations.

In mathematics, particularly in differential geometry, déformations relate to how shapes can be continuously transformed into one another. This involves concepts like mappings and metrics, studying the properties that remain invariant or change under these transformations. The study of déformations is crucial for understanding the behavior of materials, the evolution of landscapes, and the underlying principles of geometric change.