cyclonetype

Cyclonetype is a term used in meteorology to categorize cyclones according to their origin, energy source, and vertical structure. It encompasses tropical, extratropical, subtropical, and polar cyclones, as well as related mesoscale low-pressure systems. The classification aids forecasting, climatology, and the interpretation of cyclone dynamics across latitude bands.

Tropical cyclones are warm-core systems powered by latent heat release from deep convection, forming over warm tropical or subtropical oceans. They have limited vertical extent in the outer region, a symmetric structure, and a strong central wind field. They are diagnosed by features such as a warm core, organized convection, and a closed surface wind circulation.

Extratropical (or mid-latitude) cyclones derive energy from horizontal temperature contrasts (baroclinic processes) and typically feature fronts, asymmetrical wind fields, and a cold core aloft. Subtropical cyclones bridge tropical and extratropical characteristics and may possess a hybrid heat distribution and broad wind fields.

Polar cyclones occur at high latitudes and often have cold cores with strong jets; they influence polar weather and sea ice dynamics. In addition, mesoscale systems, such as tropical or extratropical cyclones on smaller scales, add complexity to the cyclonetype taxonomy.

This typology supports meteorological analyses, risk assessment, and climate studies by distinguishing the different physical processes that drive cyclone development, movement, and dissipation.