cunami

Cunami is not a recognized term in geoscience; it is commonly a misspelling or variant of tsunami. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves generated by the sudden displacement of a large volume of water, usually in oceans or seas.

Most tsunamis are caused by undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries, particularly subduction zones. Other triggers include landslides entering the ocean, volcanic eruptions, and, rarely, atmospheric disturbances that rapidly move large water masses.

In deep water, tsunami waves have long wavelengths and modest heights, and they travel at high speed. When approaching shore, the waves slow and their heights grow dramatically, producing strong run-up and possible coastal flooding.

Detection and warning rely on seismic networks and offshore sea-level sensors that monitor wave arrival and water level. Warning centers issue alerts to enable evacuations and other protective actions ahead of landfall.

Notable tsunamis include the 2004 Indian Ocean event and the 2011 Tōhoku event in Japan, which caused extensive loss of life and damage. Preparedness measures include coastal planning, building codes designed to resist inundation, public education, and effective early-warning systems.