csontvégeket

Csontvégek, or "bone ends" in Hungarian, refer to the epiphyseal regions of long bones in the human skeletal system. These areas are located at the proximal and distal ends of bones, such as the femur, humerus, tibia, and radius. The epiphyses are primarily composed of spongy (cancellous) bone, which is characterized by a lattice-like structure that provides strength while maintaining a lightweight composition. This structure is essential for absorbing shock and supporting the weight of the body.

During growth, the epiphyses are separated from the diaphysis (the shaft of the bone) by the growth plate, or physis, a cartilaginous region responsible for longitudinal bone growth. Once growth ceases, typically in late adolescence, the growth plate ossifies, fusing the epiphysis to the diaphysis. This process is known as epiphyseal closure.

The epiphyses play a crucial role in joint formation, as they articulate with adjacent bones to create movable joints. For example, the femoral epiphysis connects with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint, while the tibial epiphysis pairs with the femoral condyles to form the knee joint. The smooth articular cartilage covering the epiphyses reduces friction during movement.

Conditions affecting the epiphyses can have significant clinical implications. Growth plate injuries, such as those caused by trauma or repetitive stress, may disrupt normal bone development and lead to deformities or growth abnormalities. Conditions like Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, which affects the femoral head epiphysis, can result in avascular necrosis and joint dysfunction. Proper care and timely intervention are essential for maintaining skeletal health and function.