cryptonyms

A cryptonym is a code name or alias used to conceal the identity of a person, place, or project in intelligence, military, or diplomatic communications. The term blends crypto, meaning hidden or secret, with onym, meaning name. Cryptonyms are designed to prevent recognition if messages are intercepted or audited by unauthorized parties.

Historically, cryptonyms have appeared in wartime and espionage as a standard practice. They figure in declassified cables, briefing papers, and historical accounts of surveillance and covert operations. Examples include operation and project codenames such as Overlord, Neptune, or Manhattan. In practice, individuals involved in sensitive matters may be referred to only by cryptonyms in reports and transcripts to protect sources, agents, or targets. Some cryptonyms become publicly known once documents are released or investigations conclude.

Types of cryptonyms can be distinguished by what they designate. Human cryptonyms refer to people; operational cryptonyms label missions, operations, or requests; organizational cryptonyms denote agencies, facilities, or programs. They are typically assigned by the relevant agency and may follow internal naming conventions or established codebooks. The use and selection of cryptonyms are governed by security policies, with attention to minimizing real-name exposure while avoiding confusion or misattribution.

In modern contexts, the concept extends to obfuscated or anonymized identifiers in journalism and data handling, though the term is most closely associated with clandestine or classified settings. Ethical considerations include accuracy, source protection, and the risks of errors that could reveal identities or mislead the public.