crossmatchingi

Crossmatchingi appears to be a misspelling or variant of crossmatching, a laboratory process used to assess compatibility between donor and recipient in transplantation and, in some contexts, blood transfusion. The goal is to detect antibodies in the recipient that might react with donor antigens, reducing the risk of rejection or transfusion reactions.

In organ transplantation, crossmatching is a key pre-transplant assessment. A major crossmatch tests the recipient’s serum against donor lymphocytes to detect antibodies against donor human leukocyte antigens (HLA). A positive result suggests a high risk of hyperacute or acute rejection, and the transplant may be delayed or aborted. A minor crossmatch, testing donor serum against recipient cells, is less commonly used today but historically helped identify antibodies that could affect the graft. In practice, many centers perform a virtual crossmatch, combining known recipient HLA antibody profiles with donor HLA typing to predict compatibility without a physical assay.

Methods used for crossmatching include the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) crossmatch, flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM), and newer solid-phase assays such as Luminex-based single-antigen bead tests. Flow cytometry offers greater sensitivity than CDC, detecting low-titer or non-complement-activating antibodies. Virtual crossmatching uses extensive antibody profiling to estimate compatibility, often guiding decisions when physical testing is not feasible.

In blood transfusion, crossmatching ensures compatibility between donor red cells and recipient plasma, preventing hemolytic reactions. Limitations of crossmatching include the presence of non-HLA antibodies, evolving antibody profiles, and the need for timely results in urgent transplantation or transfusion scenarios.