crannógs

Crannógs are artificial islands built in lochs, rivers, and estuaries, primarily in Scotland and Ireland, during the Iron Age and continuing into the medieval period. These structures were created by piling up stones, timber, and earth to form a solid platform, often with palisades or defensive walls. They served as dwellings for communities, offering protection from attack and a secure place to live.

The construction of crannógs varied depending on the location and the available resources. Some were relatively small, accommodating only a few families, while others were substantial, supporting larger settlements. Access to crannógs was typically via a causeway, often submerged, or by boat, further enhancing their defensibility. Archaeological evidence suggests that inhabitants were involved in farming, fishing, and craft production.

The earliest known crannógs date back to around 3000 BC, with the majority being constructed between the 6th century BC and the 7th century AD. They continued to be built and occupied in some areas until the medieval period, with the last known instances of construction occurring in the 17th century. The decline in their use is often attributed to changing warfare tactics and settlement patterns.

Excavations of crannógs have revealed a wealth of information about past societies, including details of their diet, tools, and social organization. Many crannógs are now submerged or only visible as mounds in the water, but a significant number have been preserved, offering valuable insights into prehistoric and historic life in these regions.