craneosacral

Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a form of complementary and alternative medicine developed by William Garner Sutherland in the early 20th century. Proponents contend that the brain and spinal cord create a subtle, rhythmic movement in the cerebrospinal system that can be felt as a craniosacral rhythm. They believe this rhythm governs the function of the membranes and tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and that gentle manual techniques can improve health by releasing restrictions in this system. CST is sometimes described as a form of cranial osteopathy and is practiced by some osteopaths, massage therapists, and other practitioners.

In a CST session, the practitioner uses light touch on areas such as the skull, spine, and sacrum to assess the craniosacral rhythm and to mechanically release perceived restrictions in the membranes and connective tissues. The goal is to enhance the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and to improve overall physiological functioning, with sessions typically lasting 30 to 90 minutes.

Evidence and reception of CST are mixed. The physiological basis for the craniosacral mechanism is controversial, and high-quality studies have generally found little or no consistent benefit beyond placebo for most conditions. Medical organizations advocate evidence-based approaches and often view CST as a non-essential or experimental therapy. CST may be offered as a complementary or adjunct treatment in some integrative medicine settings.

Safety and regulation vary by jurisdiction. When performed by trained practitioners, CST is usually considered low risk, though improper technique or reliance on CST at the expense of conventional care can pose risks. Individuals with certain medical conditions should consult a licensed healthcare provider before undergoing CST.

See also: cranial osteopathy, osteopathy, manual therapy, alternative medicine, evidence-based medicine.