conscript

A conscript is a person who is obligated by a government to serve in the armed forces or in a national service program through the system of conscription. The term applies to individuals selected or required to undertake military or other compulsory service, as opposed to those who enlist voluntarily. Systems of conscription can be universal, requiring service from most citizens, or selective, applying only to particular groups or under certain conditions. Some countries also provide alternative civilian or public-safety service for those who object to military duty on conscience or other grounds.

Process and obligations typically begin with registration and screening, followed by assignment to a branch, unit, or role. The duration of service, training requirements, and placement vary by country and policy. Conscripted personnel may receive basic training, specialized instruction, and periodic rotations during their term of service. After completing duties, conscripts may be released from service or placed in reserve for potential recall.

Exemptions and deferrals are common components of conscription regimes. Medical or psychological ineligibility, conscientious objection, religious or philosophical beliefs, academic or familial circumstances, and occupational needs can influence whether an individual serves, defers, or declines. In some jurisdictions, alternative service exists, allowing individuals to fulfill their obligations in nonmilitary roles.

Legal and political debates surrounding conscription focus on national security, civil liberties, gender equality, and the adequacy of a volunteer force. Many countries have abolished or suspended conscription, while others maintain it in some form or reserve it for crisis conditions.