conchaea

Conchae, commonly referred to as the concha, are bony projections located within the nasal cavity. They are part of the nasal septum and lateral walls, playing a crucial role in conditioning inhaled air by warming, humidifying, and filtering it before it reaches the lungs. The conchae are typically divided into three pairs: the superior, middle, and inferior conchae. Each pair is composed of thin, curved bones covered by a mucous membrane.

The superior and middle conchae are part of the ethmoid bone, a spongy structure located at the roof of the nasal cavity. The inferior concha, also known as the inferior turbinate, is an independent bone that attaches to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. These structures create narrow passages called meatuses—superior, middle, and inferior—which help direct airflow and trap particles.

The mucous membranes lining the conchae are rich in blood vessels, allowing them to efficiently regulate temperature and moisture levels. They also contain olfactory receptors, particularly in the superior concha, which are essential for the sense of smell. Swelling of the conchae, often due to allergies or infections, can obstruct airflow and lead to nasal congestion.

Anatomical variations in conchae size and shape exist among individuals, which may influence respiratory function and susceptibility to conditions like sinusitis. Surgical procedures, such as turbinate reduction, may be performed to address chronic congestion or breathing difficulties caused by enlarged conchae. Proper understanding of conchae function is important in diagnosing and treating nasal and sinus-related disorders.