comique

Comique is a French term that denotes what induces laughter or humor. As an adjective, it describes things that are funny or absurd; as a noun, it can refer to humor, a comic style, or a comic effect in a work. The word derives from Old French comique, from Latin comicus and Greek roots connected with comedy.

In literature and theatre, comique is a category of aesthetic effect and one of the traditional modes of dramatic expression alongside tragedy. In classical French theatre, comique, tragique, and héroïque were recognized registers or genres, with comique emphasizing human foibles, social incongruities, and wit as engines of laughter. The concept has broadened over time to encompass a range of humorous forms in prose, theatre, and later cinema.

Different forms of comique are commonly described in theory and analysis. Comique de situation arises from the circumstances characters encounter; comique de gestes relies on physical or visual humor; comique de mots uses language, puns, and wordplay; comique de caractère derives humor from exaggerated personality traits; and comique de moquerie targets social types and institutions through satire and mockery. These modes often overlap in practice and can be combined to produce a comic effect.

In modern usage, comique remains a central notion in French literature, theatre, and film, where it is frequently associated with the genre of comedy (comédie) and with humorous or lighthearted works. The term is typically neutral but can carry connotations of entertainment, satire, or social commentary, depending on context.