comedians

Comedians are performers who seek to entertain audiences through humor. They may perform stand-up routines, act in sketches, improvise scenes, or appear in television and film. While all stand-up comics are comedians, not all comedians rely on a single format; some work across stage, screen, and digital platforms, tailoring material to different venues and audiences.

The modern tradition of comedy has deep historical roots in ancient court entertainments, satirical plays, and later vaudeville and radio. The contemporary stand-up comedy form developed in the mid-20th century, particularly in the United States, with influential figures known for personal storytelling, observational humor, and social critique. Pioneers such as Lenny Bruce, Mort Sahl, and George Carlin helped shape contemporary voice, while later performers like Richard Pryor, Joan Rivers, Eddie Murphy, and many others expanded range and influence. In other regions, comedians emerged within theatre, television, and film, contributing diverse styles and voices.

Comedians employ a range of forms and techniques, including observational humor, satire, character work, wordplay, and physical comedy. Timing, perception of the audience, and writing craft—often involving drafting and revising jokes—are central. Improvisational comedy and sketch performances rely on collaboration and on-screen or on-stage chemistry, while stand-up emphasizes solo delivery and audience interaction.

Venues for comedy include clubs, theatres, television studios, and streaming platforms. Careers often involve touring, writing, and appearances on variety programs, with festivals and talent agencies supporting development. The art form engages cultural conversation and can provoke debate about offense, representation, and social norms, while continuing to evolve with changing media landscapes.