colonoscòpia

Colonoscopia is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the colon, also known as the large intestine. It involves the use of a colonoscope, a long, flexible tube with a camera attached to its tip. This instrument is gently inserted into the rectum and advanced through the colon. The camera transmits images to a monitor, allowing the physician to visualize the lining of the colon.

The primary purpose of a colonoscopia is to detect and diagnose various conditions, including colorectal cancer, polyps (precancerous growths), inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and sources of bleeding. During the procedure, if polyps are found, they can often be removed immediately using tiny instruments passed through the colonoscope. Biopsies, small tissue samples, can also be taken for further examination.

Preparation for a colonoscopia typically involves dietary restrictions and bowel cleansing to ensure the colon is empty and clear for optimal viewing. Sedation is usually administered to make the patient comfortable during the examination, which generally takes about 30 to 60 minutes. After the procedure, patients are monitored for a short period before being discharged. While generally safe, potential risks include bleeding or perforation, though these are rare.