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collectivités

Collectivités, in French public administration, designates territorial units that have their own elected assemblies and, within the framework of law, a measure of autonomy from the central state. They are collectively referred to as the collectivités territoriales and are the main level of local governance in France. Each collectivity exercises specific powers and manages public policies in areas such as urban planning, transport, housing, social services and local economic development, while the state retains authority in areas like national defense, justice and foreign policy. The central government is represented locally by prefects or sub-prefects.

In metropolitan France, the principal types of collectivités territoriales are communes, departments and regions, each with

Overseas, there exist collectives with varied statuses, including overseas departments (DOM), overseas collectivities (COM) and sui

The framework is grounded in the French Constitution (notably Article 72) and shaped by decentralization laws

its
own
deliberative
body
(municipal
council,
departmental
council,
regional
council)
and
an
executive
(mayor
or
president).
These
bodies
are
elected
by
residents
and
supervise
local
public
services,
budgets
and
regulations.
France
also
organizes
a
system
of
financing
and
state
transfer
mechanisms
to
support
local
competencies,
balancing
local
initiative
with
national
standards.
generis
entities
with
special
statutes.
Examples
include
Corsica
(Collectivité
de
Corse)
and
French
Polynesia,
as
well
as
New
Caledonia
and
other
overseas
territories.
The
specific
powers
and
institutions
of
overseas
collectivities
differ
from
those
in
metropolitan
areas,
reflecting
historical
and
geographic
particularities.
from
the
1980s
onward,
which
expanded
local
autonomy
and
clarified
the
distribution
of
competences
between
local
authorities
and
the
national
government.
See
also:
territorial
administration
of
France,
collectivité
territoriale,
collectivité
d'outre-mer,
Code
général
des
collectivités
territoriales.