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Cloud systems, often referred to as cloud computing, represent a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This model is characterized by five essential characteristics: on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.

On-demand self-service allows users to unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider. Broad network access means that capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms. Resource pooling serves multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. Rapid elasticity refers to capabilities that can be elastically provisioned and released to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. Finally, measured service controls and optimizes resource usage by leveraging a metering capability.

Cloud systems can be deployed in various models, including public, private, and hybrid clouds. Public clouds are owned and operated by third-party cloud service providers, delivering computing resources over the Internet. Private clouds are cloud computing environments intended for exclusive use by a single organization. Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared between them. The adoption of cloud systems offers benefits such as cost savings, scalability, flexibility, and improved collaboration. However, potential drawbacks include security concerns, vendor lock-in, and reliance on internet connectivity.