closterovirids

Closterovirids are a family of double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, including bacteria, archaea, and even eukaryotic cells. They are named for their characteristic closteral structure, which is a proteinaceous shell that encapsulates the viral genome. Closterovirids are known for their ability to integrate their genomes into the host's DNA, a process known as lysogeny, or to replicate independently, causing lytic infection.

The family Closteroviridae is divided into two subfamilies: Closterovirinae and Parvovirinae. Closterovirinae includes viruses with larger genomes, typically ranging from 30 to 50 kilobases, while Parvovirinae includes smaller viruses, with genomes ranging from 4 to 6 kilobases. Both subfamilies are further divided into genera based on their genetic and structural characteristics.

Closterovirids are of significant interest to researchers due to their potential as biotechnological tools and their role in disease. Some closterovirids are used in gene therapy and as vectors for delivering therapeutic genes to cells. Others are associated with human diseases, such as hepatitis and certain types of cancer. Despite their potential, the study of closterovirids is still in its early stages, and much remains to be understood about their biology and interactions with their hosts.