cityorigin
City origin refers to the emergence of urban settlements and cities in human history. It encompasses the processes by which small, kin-based communities grew into centralized, administratively organized urban centers, and the social, economic, and technological changes that accompanied this shift.
Scholars identify several interrelated factors in city origins: the domestication of crops and animal husbandry yielding
Early examples include Mesopotamia, where Uruk and other cities arose along river valleys around 4000–3000 BCE;
Theories of origin have emphasized different mechanisms. Hydraulic civilization theory links city formation to large-scale irrigation
In contemporary study, city origin is analyzed through urban archaeology and urban geography, focusing on material