citokinin

Cytokinin is a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in plant growth and development. They are primarily synthesized in the root tips and are then transported throughout the plant. Cytokinins are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including cell division, cell expansion, and differentiation.

One of the key functions of cytokinins is to promote cell division. They work in conjunction with other plant hormones, such as auxins, to regulate the cell cycle. Cytokinins also influence cell expansion, contributing to the overall size of plant organs. Furthermore, they are essential for the differentiation of plant tissues, enabling the formation of specialized cells and structures.

Cytokinins are known to delay senescence, the process of aging in plants. By preventing the breakdown of chlorophyll and proteins, they help to maintain the greenness and functionality of leaves. This delay in senescence can extend the photosynthetic lifespan of the plant, allowing for increased nutrient production.

Beyond these primary roles, cytokinins also influence other aspects of plant life. They can affect flowering, the formation of lateral buds, and seed germination. The balance between cytokinins and other hormones, particularly auxins, is critical for determining the specific developmental outcomes in a plant. For example, a high ratio of cytokinin to auxin generally promotes shoot formation, while a high ratio of auxin to cytokinin favors root formation. The study of cytokinins continues to reveal their complex and vital contributions to plant biology.