cingulális

The cingulate gyrus, also known as the cingulális gyrus, is a region of the cerebral cortex located in the medial wall of the brain. It is part of the limbic system and plays a crucial role in various cognitive and emotional functions. The cingulate gyrus is divided into several segments, including the anterior, posterior, and retrosplenial parts, each with distinct anatomical and functional characteristics.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in executive functions, such as decision-making, error monitoring, and attention regulation. It is also implicated in emotional processing, particularly in the evaluation of social stimuli and the experience of pain. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is associated with spatial navigation, memory consolidation, and the perception of self-location. The retrosplenial cortex is involved in the processing of spatial information and the integration of sensory inputs.

The cingulate gyrus is connected to numerous brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus, facilitating its role in integrating information from different sensory and cognitive domains. Damage to the cingulate gyrus can result in various neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments.

In summary, the cingulate gyrus is a vital structure in the brain that contributes to a wide range of cognitive, emotional, and sensory functions. Its complex anatomical and functional organization underscores its significance in human behavior and mental health.