cilinderes

Cilinderes are cylindrical bodies or components, used in geometry and engineering. The term is the plural form in some languages for what in English is called cylinders. The concept covers both abstract geometric shapes and real-world parts that share a round cross-section and a defined height.

In geometry, a cylinder is the solid formed by translating a circle along a straight line (the axis). It has a circular base of radius r and height h, with a curved lateral surface. The commonly cited formulas are: volume V = π r^2 h, and total surface area S = 2π r(h + r), with lateral surface area 2π r h.

Cilinders appear in many applications. Engine cylinders convert pressure from combusted fuel into linear motion of a piston. Hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders act as actuators by generating force and motion through fluid pressure. Gas cylinders store and transport compressed gases. Cylinders also occur as structural elements, storage tanks, and components in machines where a round cross-section supports rotational or sliding motion.

Manufacturing and materials vary by application. Common materials include steel, cast iron, aluminum, and composite alloys. Production methods range from turning, boring, and honing to achieve precise bores and finishes, to extrusion or casting for hollow or solid forms. Tolerances, surface finish, material strength, and corrosion resistance are critical considerations.

Etymology traces cilinder to Greek and Latin roots meaning a rolled or cylindrical form. Variants exist across languages, with different spellings but similar geometric and functional concepts.