cholinergních

Cholinergních is a Czech term that translates to "cholinergic" in English. It refers to the effects, receptors, or substances that are related to acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical messenger that transmits signals between nerve cells and between nerve cells and muscles or glands. Cholinergic neurons are those that produce and release acetylcholine, and they play a crucial role in various bodily functions.

The cholinergic system is involved in a wide range of physiological processes. In the peripheral nervous system, it is responsible for muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction, as well as regulating heart rate, digestion, and glandular secretions. In the central nervous system, cholinergic pathways are important for learning, memory, attention, and arousal.

Cholinergic receptors are proteins that bind to acetylcholine, triggering a response in the target cell. There are two main types of cholinergic receptors: nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors. Nicotinic receptors are found at the neuromuscular junction and in autonomic ganglia, mediating rapid excitatory responses. Muscarinic receptors are located in various organs and glands, as well as in the central nervous system, and typically mediate slower, more prolonged effects.

Drugs that affect the cholinergic system are known as cholinergic agents. These can be agonists, which mimic the action of acetylcholine, or antagonists, which block its action. Cholinergic drugs have therapeutic applications in treating conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma, and myasthenia gravis, as well as having effects as pesticides and nerve agents. The term "cholinergních" thus encompasses the broad pharmacological and physiological significance of acetylcholine in the body.