chlorobutane

Chlorobutane is a group of chemical compounds with the formula C4H9Cl. These compounds are organic halogen derivatives where a chlorine atom is attached to a butane backbone. There are four structural isomers of chlorobutane: 1-chlorobutane, 2-chlorobutane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane (isobutyl chloride), and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (tert-butyl chloride). Each isomer differs in the position of the chlorine atom or the branching of the carbon chain.

1-Chlorobutane is a colorless liquid with a distinctive odor. It is primarily used as a solvent and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organic compounds. Its properties, such as boiling point and density, vary slightly between the isomers. For example, 1-chlorobutane boils at 78.3 °C, while 2-chlorobutane boils at 68.2 °C.

These compounds are generally prepared by the reaction of butane or butanol with chlorinating agents like hydrogen chloride or thionyl chloride. The specific isomer obtained depends on the starting material and reaction conditions. Chlorobutanes are flammable and should be handled with care. Their environmental impact and toxicity are subjects of ongoing study, and their use is regulated in many applications. They can be found in various industrial processes, including the production of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.