chambo

Chambo is a common name used in East Africa for several tilapia species that inhabit Lake Malawi and adjacent water bodies. It is not a taxonomic designation; rather, it refers to fishery and market labels for tilapia in the region, particularly in Malawi, where chambo is a staple and culturally significant.

In the wild, chambo comprises multiple Tilapia species native to the East African lakes and rivers. These fish are typically medium-sized, adaptable omnivores that inhabit near-shore rocky and vegetated habitats. They breed in warm, shallow waters, contributing to their resilience and role in both natural ecosystems and farming systems. Their firm white flesh is commonly marketed for local consumption and hospitality sectors.

Economically, chambo is a major component of Malawi's inland fisheries and a regional market commodity. It supports subsistence livelihoods and generates export earnings through processing and sale in regional markets. Since the late 20th century, aquaculture development has expanded chambo production, with farming systems designed to meet growing demand while reducing pressure on wild stocks.

Conservation and management have centered on sustaining stock levels, habitat protection, and sustainable gear limits. Authorities have implemented seasonal closures, size limits, and licensing requirements, alongside stock assessments and diversification into hatchery-breeding programs.