catenininteraction

Catenin interaction refers to the complex interplay between a family of proteins known as catenins, which are crucial for cell adhesion and signaling. These proteins, primarily alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin (also known as plakoglobin), are integral components of adherens junctions and desmosomes, which are specialized structures that link cells together.

Beta-catenin and gamma-catenin are particularly important as they bridge the connection between cadherin molecules, the transmembrane proteins that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion, and the actin cytoskeleton. Alpha-catenin, in the case of adherens junctions, directly interacts with beta-catenin and then links to the actin filaments. This physical connection stabilizes cell-cell junctions and provides mechanical strength to tissues.

Beyond their structural role, catenins are also deeply involved in intracellular signaling pathways. Beta-catenin, in particular, plays a dual role. In adherens junctions, it contributes to cell adhesion. However, when not bound to cadherins or associated proteins like alpha-catenin, beta-catenin can translocate to the nucleus. Here, it acts as a transcriptional co-activator, partnering with transcription factors like TCF/LEF to regulate the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of beta-catenin signaling is implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Gamma-catenin also has signaling functions, though they are less extensively characterized than those of beta-catenin. The dynamic interactions between different catenins and their association with various partners are fundamental to maintaining tissue integrity and controlling cellular behavior.