catecholOmetyltransferase

Catechol-O-methyltransferase, often abbreviated as COMT, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the human body. It is primarily responsible for the inactivation of catecholamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. COMT is found in various tissues throughout the body, including the brain, liver, and kidneys.

The main function of COMT is to catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to one of the hydroxyl groups on a catecholamine molecule. This methylation process results in the formation of a methylated metabolite, which is then typically cleared from the body. By metabolizing these neurotransmitters, COMT helps regulate their levels and thereby influences various physiological processes, including mood, attention, and stress response.

Genetic variations in the COMT gene can lead to differences in enzyme activity. Some variants result in higher COMT activity, leading to faster breakdown of catecholamines, while others have lower activity, resulting in slower breakdown. These variations have been associated with differences in cognitive abilities, behavioral traits, and susceptibility to certain neurological and psychiatric conditions. Research continues to explore the complex interactions between COMT genetics, enzyme function, and human health.