caroline

Caroline is a feminine given name of Latin origin. It is the feminine form of Charles, derived from the Old Germanic name Karl, meaning “free man” or “man.” The name has numerous variants, including Carolina, Carolyn, Carrie, and Cara, and is used in many languages with local spellings and pronunciations.

Historically, Caroline entered English usage in the Early Modern period and gained widespread popularity in the 18th to 20th centuries, particularly in the United States and parts of Europe. Its popularity has fluctuated, and it remains common in many English-speaking countries, often alongside related forms such as Caroline and Carolina in different cultures.

Notable bearers include Caroline Herschel, an 18th‑century astronomer; Caroline of Brunswick, queen consort to George IV; and Caroline Kennedy, American author and public figure. The name is also widely used for fictional characters in literature and film.

Geographically, the Caroline Islands in the western Pacific are named after King Charles II of Spain and lie between Palau and Hawaii. In the United States, several towns and counties are named Caroline or Carolina, reflecting its long-standing use as a place-name element.

In culture, the name appears in music and media; the well-known song “Sweet Caroline” by Neil Diamond has become a generational touchstone in sports and public events.