carburálással

Carburálás is a process used in metallurgy to increase the carbon content of iron or steel. This is typically achieved by exposing the metal to a high-temperature environment where carbon is present, such as a carbon-rich atmosphere or a carbonaceous material. The process is commonly used to harden steel and other ferrous alloys, enhancing their mechanical properties.

The carburálás process involves several steps. Initially, the metal is heated to a temperature where it can absorb carbon atoms. This temperature is usually above 900 degrees Celsius for steel. The metal is then exposed to a carbon-rich environment, which can be in the form of a carbon monoxide or methane gas mixture, or a solid carbon source like charcoal or graphite. The carbon diffuses into the metal's surface, forming a layer of carburized material.

The depth of carburization depends on the temperature, time, and carbon potential of the environment. Higher temperatures and longer exposure times generally result in a deeper carburized layer. The carburized layer typically has a higher hardness and wear resistance compared to the core of the metal.

After carburization, the metal is usually quenched to harden the carburized layer. This is followed by tempering to relieve internal stresses and improve toughness. The carburálás process is widely used in the manufacturing of gears, shafts, and other components that require high surface hardness and wear resistance.