cantilevere

A cantilever is a rigid structural element, such as a beam or a plate, anchored at only one end to a support. The cantilevered section extends horizontally into space, unsupported at its free end. This type of structure is commonly found in bridges, balconies, and airplane wings.

The principle of leverage is fundamental to the function of a cantilever. When a load is applied to the free end of a cantilever, it creates a bending moment and shear force within the structure. The fixed end must be strong enough to resist these forces, transferring them to the supporting structure. The design of a cantilever takes into account the material properties, the length of the unsupported span, and the expected load.

Cantilever bridges are a notable application, where two cantilever arms extend from opposite piers and meet in the middle, often with a suspended span connecting the tips. This design allows for large spans to be constructed without the need for intermediate supports. Balconies, too, utilize cantilevered slabs extending from a building's wall. In aeronautics, airplane wings often function as cantilevers, supporting the aircraft's weight and aerodynamic forces. The analysis of cantilevers involves principles of statics and mechanics of materials to ensure structural integrity.