calefactor

A calefactor, also referred to as a heater or space heater, is a device that converts energy into heat to raise the temperature in a room or on objects. In domestic settings it can be electric or fuel-burning and is used for supplemental heating or as part of a central heating system.

Electric calefactors include convection heaters that warm air, radiant heaters that emit infrared heat, fan-forced heaters and oil-filled radiators. Fuel-burning models use natural gas, propane or kerosene and require proper ventilation; they may be designed as room heaters or used in larger heating systems. Hydronic or boiler-based systems circulate heated water through radiators or underfloor networks.

Electric heaters are typically high in instantaneous heat output and have 100% energy conversion efficiency at the element, but overall energy use depends on insulation and control. Fuel-fired heaters can deliver greater heat output per unit and may be more economical in colder climates but require ventilation and combustion safety controls.

Common safety features include thermostats, tip-over switches, automatic shutoff on overheating, and flame supervision where applicable. They should be placed away from flammable materials, used on stable surfaces, and never used to dry clothes. Regular maintenance includes cleaning dust, checking cords, and servicing venting systems for fuel models.

See also: heating, space heater, radiator, central heating, energy efficiency.