calcifikációs

Calcification refers to the process by which calcium salts are deposited in biological tissues. This is a normal physiological process in certain instances, such as the formation of bones and teeth, where calcium phosphate crystals are laid down to provide structural support and hardness. However, calcification can also occur abnormally in soft tissues, leading to a variety of medical conditions.

Abnormal calcification can be caused by several factors. Dystrophic calcification occurs when calcium deposits form in damaged or necrotic tissue, such as in atherosclerotic plaques in arteries or in the valves of the heart. In contrast, metastatic calcification happens when there are underlying systemic metabolic derangements that lead to elevated calcium levels in the blood, such as hyperparathyroidism or certain cancers. These excess calcium levels can then be deposited in otherwise healthy tissues.

The clinical significance of calcification varies greatly depending on its location and extent. While bone calcification is essential for skeletal health, calcification in soft tissues like blood vessels can stiffen them, impairing their function and increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. Calcification in joints can lead to pain and stiffness, as seen in conditions like osteoarthritis. Diagnosis often involves medical imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasound, which can visualize the calcium deposits. Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and the affected tissues, and may involve addressing the metabolic imbalance, surgical removal of calcified deposits, or medications to manage symptoms.