cGAMP
cGAMP stands for cyclic GMP-AMP, a small cyclic dinucleotide that acts as a second messenger in cellular signaling. In mammals, the most studied form is 2'3'-cGAMP, which contains a 2'-5' linkage and a 3'-5' linkage between GMP and AMP. Bacteria also produce related cyclic dinucleotides, including 3'3'-cGAMP, but the 2'3'-form is typically associated with the vertebrate cGAS-STING pathway.
Sensing cytosolic DNA: In mammalian cells, cytosolic DNA activates the enzyme cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) to
Regulation and degradation: Extracellular cGAMP can be degraded by ENPP1, which helps regulate the magnitude and
Applications and research: Because cGAMP activates STING, synthetic CDN analogs and derivatives are explored as immunotherapies