bókstafahljóðkennslu

Bókstafahljóðkennsla, often translated as phonics instruction, is a method of teaching reading that focuses on establishing a connection between spoken sounds and written letters or groups of letters. The core principle is that children learn to read by understanding how individual sounds, or phonemes, correspond to specific graphemes, which are the written representations of those sounds.

This approach typically begins by teaching children the sounds associated with individual letters of the alphabet. Once these basic letter-sound correspondences are mastered, instruction progresses to teaching blends, where two or three consonants are sounded out together (e.g., "bl" in "blue"), and digraphs, where two letters combine to make a single sound (e.g., "sh" in "ship"). Children are then taught to segment words into their individual sounds and blend these sounds together to pronounce the word. Conversely, they learn to spell by identifying the sounds in a word and then representing those sounds with the appropriate letters.

Phonics instruction can be implemented in various ways, including systematic and explicit instruction where the curriculum follows a logical sequence of introducing phonics elements. Implicit phonics, on the other hand, allows children to discover sound-letter relationships through exposure to text. Research generally supports systematic phonics instruction as an effective method for developing reading proficiency, particularly for early readers. It is a foundational component of many reading programs aimed at building decoding skills, which are essential for fluent and comprehension-based reading.