bélelzáródás

Bélelzáródás, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a serious medical condition where the normal passage of intestinal contents is blocked. This blockage can occur in either the small intestine or the large intestine. The causes are varied and can include hernias, adhesions from previous surgery, tumors, inflammatory bowel disease like Crohn's disease, or volvulus, which is a twisting of the intestine. In some cases, impacted stool can also lead to obstruction, particularly in the elderly.

Symptoms of bélelzáródás typically include abdominal pain, which is often crampy and intermittent, nausea, vomiting, and a distended abdomen. Patients may also experience constipation, with a lack of gas or bowel movements. The severity of symptoms depends on the location and completeness of the blockage. Small bowel obstructions often present with more pronounced vomiting and abdominal distension, while large bowel obstructions may initially involve constipation.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, blood tests to check for infection or dehydration, and imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds to identify the site and cause of the obstruction. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Simple obstructions may be managed conservatively with bowel rest, intravenous fluids, and nasogastric tube decompression to relieve pressure. However, complete or complicated obstructions often require surgical intervention to remove the blockage and, if necessary, resect damaged bowel. Prompt medical attention is crucial as bélelzáródás can lead to serious complications like bowel perforation, peritonitis, and sepsis if left untreated.