buton

Buton is an Indonesian island in Southeast Sulawesi. It is the largest island in the province and lies off the southeastern coast of Sulawesi, separated from the mainland by the Buton Strait. Administratively, the island is divided between Buton Regency and Baubau City, with Baubau serving as a major coastal and urban center.

Historically, Buton was the heart of the Buton Sultanate, which arose in the 14th or 15th century and developed extensive maritime trade networks across the region. The sultanate maintained relations with regional powers and European traders, and its influence lasted into the colonial and early post-independence periods before administrative integration into Indonesia.

Geography and economy on the island include a mix of coastal plains and hilly interiors. The economy is driven by agriculture—especially coconuts, cashews, and rice—along with fishing and small-scale mining or processing activities. Tourism is increasingly relevant, driven by coastal scenery, traditional villages, and the cultural heritage tied to the former sultanate.

Population and culture are predominantly Muslim, with Wolio-speaking communities forming a major part of the island’s identity. The cultural landscape preserves royal-era traditions, crafts, and maritime livelihoods that reflect its historical role as a center of commerce and governance in the region.

Transportation links include Baubau Port, which handles ferry services to the Sulawesi mainland and nearby islands. The island is connected by road to Kendari, the provincial capital, and air access is available through Kendari’s regional airport to domestic destinations.