bránici

The diaphragm, or bránice in Czech, is a large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity that separates the abdomen from the chest. It plays a crucial role in respiration. When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens and moves downward, increasing the volume of the chest cavity. This expansion creates a lower pressure inside the lungs than the surrounding air, causing air to rush in, a process known as inhalation. Conversely, when the diaphragm relaxes, it returns to its dome shape, decreasing the chest cavity's volume and pushing air out of the lungs, which is exhalation.

In addition to its primary respiratory function, the diaphragm also assists in other bodily functions. Its contractions can help with coughing, sneezing, and vomiting by increasing intra-abdominal pressure. It also plays a role in stabilizing the trunk and supporting internal organs. Weakness or damage to the diaphragm can lead to breathing difficulties and other health issues. The muscle is controlled by the phrenic nerve, which originates in the neck. Understanding the diaphragm's function is fundamental to understanding human physiology and the mechanics of breathing.